MySQL

安装

创建文件夹，并进入文件夹

mkdir /app/mysql && cd /app/mysql

yum -y update

使用wget下载mysql yum源

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

添加 mysql yum 源

sudo yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm -y

安装 yum 工具 yum-utils :
```
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
```

查看可用的MySQL

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

查看所有的 MySQL 版本
```
yum repolist all | grep mysql
```
使用指定版本MySQL(这里跳过，直接安装MySQL8.0) 假如我想使用MySQL5.7，那么我就需要先关闭MySQL8.0
```
sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
```
开启MySQL5.7
```
sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
```
查看当前启用的MySQL版本
```
yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
```

安装MySQL

sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server

可能出现问题：GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 遇到GPG错误通常是因为软件包的签名验证失败。这可能是由于多种原因，包括密钥过期、密钥未安装或配置错误。安装时禁用GPG检查

sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

但后续还是会导致出现这个签名问题。

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/checking-rpm-signature.html

所以先检查包

rpm --checksig  /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

[root@localhost postgresql]#  rpm --checksig  /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: RSA sha1 (MD5) PGP md5 不正确

导入官方密钥

rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

再检查密钥已确定

[root@localhost postgresql]#  rpm --checksig  /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 确定

启动MySQL
```
sudo service mysqld start
```

查看MySQL服务状态

sudo service mysqld status

显示启动成功

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-03-11 18:01:29 CST; 40s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 21449 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 21550 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─21550 /usr/sbin/mysqld

Mar 11 18:01:22 VM-8-17-centos systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Mar 11 18:01:29 VM-8-17-centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

设置 MySQL开机启动
```
systemctl enable mysqld
```

初始化MySQL 查看初始化密码

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

显示

2025-03-11T10:01:24.744631Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: .,.LE5psXu6E

使用初始密码登录.,.LE5psXu6E

mysql -u root -p

重新设置初始密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '我的密码';

设置MySQL远程连接 mysql 数据库中user 表中的特定用户(root) 的host 的属性值为localhost. 进入mysql库中进行特定用户的host 修改
```
use mysql;
```
```
update user set host='%' where user='root';
```
或者：赋予root用户远程访问权限。若允许任意IP地址访问
```
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
```
5.7版本赋予远程连接权限语句不同，需加上密码
```
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
```
如果你想只为特定IP地址授权远程访问
```
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'特定IP' WITH GRANT OPTION;
```
刷新权限
```
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```
退出MySQL
```
quit
```
开放防火墙
```
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
systemctl restart firewalld
```
测试连接成功。

最后更新于7天前

这有帮助吗？