MySQL

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安装

1. 创建文件夹，并进入文件夹

   mkdir /app/mysql && cd /app/mysql

   yum -y update

2. 使用wget下载mysql yum源

   wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

3. 添加 mysql yum 源

   sudo yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm -y

4. 安装 yum 工具 yum-utils :

   sudo yum install -y yum-utils

5. 查看可用的MySQL

   yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

6. 查看所有的 MySQL 版本

   yum repolist all | grep mysql

7. 使用指定版本MySQL(这里跳过，直接安装MySQL8.0) 假如我想使用MySQL5.7，那么我就需要先关闭MySQL8.0

   sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community

   开启MySQL5.7

   sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

8. 查看当前启用的MySQL版本

   yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

9. 安装MySQL

   sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server

   可能出现问题：GPG Keys are configured as: file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 遇到GPG错误通常是因为软件包的签名验证失败。这可能是由于多种原因，包括密钥过期、密钥未安装或配置错误。 安装时禁用GPG检查

   sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server --nogpgcheck

   但后续还是会导致出现这个签名问题。

   https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/checking-rpm-signature.html

   所以先检查包

   rpm --checksig  /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

   [root@localhost postgresql]#  rpm --checksig  /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
   /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: RSA sha1 (MD5) PGP md5 不正确

   导入官方密钥

   rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

   再检查密钥已确定

   [root@localhost postgresql]#  rpm --checksig  /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
   /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql80-community/packages/mysql80-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 确定

10. 启动MySQL

    sudo service mysqld start

11. 查看MySQL服务状态

    sudo service mysqld status

    显示启动成功

    Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysqld.service
    ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Tue 2025-03-11 18:01:29 CST; 40s ago
         Docs: man:mysqld(8)
               http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
      Process: 21449 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 21550 (mysqld)
       Status: "Server is operational"
       CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
               └─21550 /usr/sbin/mysqld
    
    Mar 11 18:01:22 VM-8-17-centos systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
    Mar 11 18:01:29 VM-8-17-centos systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

12. 设置 MySQL开机启动

    systemctl enable mysqld

13. 初始化MySQL 查看初始化密码

    sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

    显示

    2025-03-11T10:01:24.744631Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: .,.LE5psXu6E

    使用初始密码登录.,.LE5psXu6E

    mysql -u root -p

    重新设置初始密码

    ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '我的密码';

14. 设置MySQL远程连接 mysql 数据库中user 表中的特定用户(root) 的host 的属性值为localhost. 进入mysql库中进行特定用户的host 修改

    use mysql;

    update user set host='%' where user='root';

    或者：赋予root用户远程访问权限。若允许任意IP地址访问

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;

    5.7版本赋予远程连接权限语句不同，需加上密码

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;

    如果你想只为特定IP地址授权远程访问

    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'特定IP' WITH GRANT OPTION;

    刷新权限

    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

    退出MySQL

    quit

    开放防火墙

    firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
    systemctl restart firewalld

    测试连接成功。